The term mood refers to certain verb endings expressing the manner inwhich the speaker presents the action of the verb....

All negative forms are based on the negation verb en, et, ei, emme, ette,eivt. The present tense negative has been discu...

The pluperfect is used for actions which have taken place before some pointof time in the past. It is formed from the pa...

The perfect tense is used for past actions whose influence is in some way stillvalid at the moment of utterance: the per...

The past tense is used for past time, to express an action which took placebefore the moment of utterance. The past tens...

Finnish has four tenses: two simple (present and past) and two compound(perfect and pluperfect). Compare present sano/n...

The most common relative pronoun is joka who, which, the final syllable ofwhich occurs only in the nominative singular a...

The most common indefinite pronouns are joku someone, jokinsomething, (ei) kukaan no one, (ei) mikn nothing, jompikumpie...

Interrogative pronouns were briefly introduced in 30.2 above. Many of thequestion words are actually inflected forms of...

The main demonstrative pronouns are tm this and tuo that. Thepronoun se it refers primarily to something previously ment...

Singular PluralNom. min I sin you hn he, she me we te you he theyGen. minu/n sinu/n hne/n me/i/dn te/i/dn he/i/dnAcc. mi...

The nominative of ordinal numbers is formed by adding the ending -s to theinflectional stem of the corresponding cardina...

When a cardinal number is the subject, object or complement, i.e. when itoccurs in the nominative or partitive, the rest...

All cardinal numbers decline like nouns, adjectives and pronouns: theyinflect for number and case. Several sound alterna...

These three cases are all rare; the instructive and the comitative appearmainly in fixed expressions like idioms.The abe...

The translative ending is -ksi, which is added to the inflectional stem in thesingular and plural and causes consonant g...

The essive ending is -na ~ -n, which is added to the inflectional stem in thesingular and plural. The structure of the e...

Place names decline either in the internal local cases (inessive, elative,illative) or in the external ones (adessive, a...

The set of local cases has a natural threefold division (40): both internal andexternal local cases can express static l...

The allative ending is -lle, which is added to the inflectional stem in thesingular and plural and causes consonant grad...