Like infinitives, participles are non-finite verb forms: they are not inflectedfor person. Finnish has two participles,...

The fourth infinitive has the ending -niinen, which is added to theinflectional stem of the verb (cf. 23; 76.1). Example...

The adessive indicates means, and sometimes manner.Voitin miljoonan veikkaa/ma/lla.I won a million by betting.Sinne psee...

The illative form is used after verbs of movement and indicates an actionwhich is about to begin. Note in particular the...

The elative form co-occurs with verbs indicating concrete or abstractmovement, e.g. tul/la come and palat/a return, to e...

The inessive indicates an ongoing action or process; it usually occurstogether with the verb ol/la be, and occasionally...

The third infinitive, which has the ending -ma- ~ -m-, is a common andimportant form in both the written and spoken lang...

This form is derived by adding the instructive ending -n to the infinitive stemarrived at according to the basic rule (7...

The second infinitive has two cases: the inessive case -ssa ~ -ss expressingtime, and the instructive case -n expressing...

The basic form of the first infinitive may be followed by the translativeending -kse- and a possessive suffix correspond...

The first infinitive appears in two cases: the basic form, with only theinfinitive ending (e.g. sano/a (to) say, saa/da...

Infinitives and participles constitute the set of non-finite verb forms, which alllack personal endings. The basic struc...

There is no mood ending for the indicative: for these forms see 69, e.g.sano/ta/an one says, kerro/ta/an one tells, tul/...

The passive perfect and pluperfect have the structure on (perfect) or oli(pluperfect)+past participle passive (for the p...

The past tense of the passive is formed from one of the endings -tta- ~ -tt-or -ta- ~ -t-, with the final vowel then bei...

With the exception of anta/a verbs, the passive present can be formedaccording to the following simple rule:The passive...

The Finnish passive is a very common and important verb form. It indicatesthat the action of the verb is performed by an...

The potential, which has the ending -ne-, is a rare mood and thus of lessimportance. It indicates that the action of the...

The imperative is primarily used for commands, requests and exhortations,and in the third person also wishes. There is n...

The conditional -isi- mostly indicates an action that is presented ashypothetical, and occurs most commonly in condition...