Some differences of form are closely related to the omissions andassimilations mentioned above (96).The colloquial spoke...

There are several omissions and assimilations which are particularly commonin the colloquial spoken language. In the exa...

This book has so far been primarily concerned with the grammar of standardFinnish, which is predominantly a written form...

The most common type of compound word is made up of two non-derivednouns. In the following examples, the = symbol indica...

New verbs can be derived from both verbs and nominals. Deverbal verbs aremuch more common than denominal ones. The abund...

Part A of this section deals with denominal suffixes forming new nominals,and Part B deals with deverbal suffixes formin...

There are two ways of forming new words from existing words and stems:derivation and compounding. In derivation, new wor...

There are five common enclitic particles appended after all other types ofendings: -ko ~ -k, -kin, -kaan ~ -kn, -han ~ -...

Conjunctions are words that link sentences and parts of sentences together,such as ja and, kun when. A list of the most...

Postpositions occur after the words whose case they determine, e.g. yli over,across (kadu/n yli across the street). Post...

Prepositions and postpositions (89) take either the genitive or the partitive.There are many more postpositions than pre...

The most common type of adverb expresses manner, and is formed by addingthe ending -sti to the inflectional stem of an a...

The superlative ending is -in; like the comparative ending, it is added to theinflectional stem, e.g. hullu mad : hullu/...

The comparative ending is -mpi, which is added to the inflectional stem (seeChapter 5), e.g. hullu mad: hullu/mpi madder...

The agent construction is a way of contracting relative clauses, i.e. thosebeginning with joka, mik who, which; in most...

The temporal construction can be used to contract a kun (when) clause. Ifthe action of the kun clause is simultaneous wi...

The participial construction can be used to contract an affirmative ett (that)clause functioning as the object of certai...

The past participles occur primarily in the compound tenses, i.e. the perfect andpluperfect, for example on sano/nut has...

This form is most conveniently derived from the past tense passive (cf. 80) bythe following rule (which is the same as t...

This form has the ending -va- ~ -v-, which is added to the inflectional stemof the verb (23). It indicates a continuing...